145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R] Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(4-alkoxy-3-cyano)phenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors. A high-performance liquid chromatography method with on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction for the screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in natural extracts was developed. It is available in both brand and generic versions. >> Schroder, K. et al. PA‐W also had significantly reduced serum uric acid level and inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in in vivo xanthine oxidase inhibitory. /CS /DeviceRGB 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R Advances in structures required of polyphenols for xanthine oxidase inhibition. as a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor derived from natural sources shows potent activity and … /Annots [27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R /Group << The function in health and disease of the Mo-based enzymes sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase has been discussed. 85 573 0 R 86 574 0 R 87 575 0 R] /CS /DeviceRGB Hypouricemic Effect: An Integrated Overview of Check our savings tips for co-pay cards, assistance programs, and other ways to … /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Type /Pages Xanthine oxidase inhibitors derived from natural products are less toxic, safe, and less prone to allergic reactions and have a wide range of sources. >> /XObject << /F1 41 0 R Reactive oxygen species are also released during this process, leading to oxidative damages and to the pathology called gout. x��yp��}�h i�f&i2�2S�4d�IҤM�I�v��1M�6�N2iC�M�dhJ��Ʒ�|��`cc|b�ԧ$�>�u�CƦHZ�m�p��:˫߻Z��~�Ϯ���}w�w?�~��_�R Ѕ7����������f���������R�:f���z����\i�t�*\�n��]߸�Kw�7�Q޺63�p�:r�d�����k�-�U����t���!�z��1�l�k�k��͍h�mlm=�N���.l��6�k��j���ce�p��p�� ? endobj (2020). 472 0 R 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R 478 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 576 0 R 577 0 R 578 0 R] Previously, we critically discussed the role of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of HUA. The contents of the Cybermed-Life - NEWS Site, such as text, graphics, images, and other material contained on the Cybermed-Life - … /Group << << 452 0 R 453 0 R 454 0 R 455 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R 458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R >> 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R This drug bases countless side effects including nephropathy, hepatitis, and allergic responses . 11 0 obj Peroxy natural products. Water Soldier Stratiotes aloides L.—Forgotten Famine Plant With Unique Composition and Antioxidant Properties. 512 0 R 513 0 R 514 0 R 515 0 R 516 0 R 517 0 R 518 0 R 519 0 R 520 0 R 521 0 R /Type /Page 146 0 R 146 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 149 0 R 149 0 R 149 0 R %PDF-1.5 m�k���N�� Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects. >> /Type /Group >> 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. endobj >> %���� 134 0 R 135 0 R] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Stevia residue extract alone and combination with allopurinol attenuate hyperuricemia in fructose–PO‐induced hyperuricemic mice. /Parent 2 0 R endobj /Group << endobj . 50 540 0 R 51 541 0 R 52 542 0 R 53 543 0 R 54 544 0 R Xanthine Oxidase study >> Stevia rebaudiana /K [138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans. GoodRx has partnered with InsideRx and Takeda Pharmaceuticals to reduce the price for this prescription. << /CS /DeviceRGB For more than 50 years the only XO inhibitor drug available on the market was the purine analogue allopurinol. /Group << /Tabs /S 142 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R 143 0 R /ParentTree 16 0 R Stevia residue extract increases intestinal uric acid excretion �[2{��o �O}�����m�glۣ�M�% 8�X�����^h?\mm ��&*���Dj��o]fGJy}�֥����W.�� Free Radical Biol Med. /Resources << Medicinal Plants as a Drug Alternative Source for the Antigout Therapy in Morocco. Therefore, it is very urgent to search for better phytochemicals, which possess ability as xanthine oxidase inhibitor. >> … /Contents 50 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 271 0 R 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R /Producer Keywords:In silico docking, Xanthine oxidase, Natural derivatives, Flavonoids, 3D QSAR, CADD. 388 0 R 389 0 R 390 0 R 391 0 R 392 0 R 393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R 165 0 R and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. /Parent 2 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R Article Google Scholar /G11 20 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R /F5 93 0 R Native xanthine oxidase from buttermilk. /Contents 42 0 R Material and methods Plant collection Fresh fruits of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium were collected from Dairi, North Sumatra in March 2010 and were determined by the bota-nist at Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Biological Research Center, Cibinong. Enhanced activities of one of the important pro-oxidant enzyme, xanthine oxidase (XO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as gout, inflammation, heart failure, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, colitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Some of these include propolis and the flavonoid chrysin. /Parent 2 0 R (2020). 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R /GS29 53 0 R In Vitro /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> Part 2. /F3 45 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 343 0 R 15 0 obj /F1 41 0 R /CreationDate (D:20140818120018+05'30') 2 0 obj >> Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Febuxostat was first marketed in Europe in 2008 and approved by the FDA in 2009 as a drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 4 [251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. 522 0 R 523 0 R 524 0 R 525 0 R 526 0 R 527 0 R 528 0 R 529 0 R 530 0 R 531 0 R The same protein, … /Tabs /S In humans , inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid , and several medications that inhibit xanthine oxidase are indicated for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout . >> 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R /Font << Identification of Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from Oxidation of Caffeic Acid. /Font << >> /Type /Page >> These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans. The key enzyme involved in purine catabolism is xanthine oxidase (XO), which is the major target for therapeutic treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition – A review of computational aspect. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity from potential Malaysian medicinal plant as remedies for gout Abstract: Malaysia has a rich diversity of medicinal plants and some of them inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO), which can be introduced as new natural sources of gout medication and a substitute for synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI). 70 559 0 R 71 560 0 R 72 561 0 R 73 562 0 R 74 563 0 R Ellagic acid exhibited greater xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than other inhibitors. 144 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 145 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 35 431 0 R 36 432 0 R 37 433 0 R 38 434 0 R 39 435 0 R /S /Transparency endobj 17 0 obj XO is thus the target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. /F2 43 0 R Xanthine oxidase is an important enzyme of purine catabolism pathway and has been associated directly in pathogenesis of gout and indirectly in many pathological conditions like cancer, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. /S /Transparency /Resources << Granted Application number JP2005085755A Other languages Japanese (ja) 6 0 obj << Natural Product Research: Vol. /Tabs /S /F4 51 0 R It is more popular than comparable drugs. /CS /DeviceRGB /Pages 2 0 R In Vivo Studies with Focus on Natural Molecules and Analogues Considering allopurinol was a commonly used inhibitor for xanthine oxidase, it was used as a positive control, and the IC 50 value of allopurinol was 0.052 ± 0.005 mM. << /StructParents 8 16 0 obj Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that has been investi-gated for decades. 65 554 0 R 66 555 0 R 67 556 0 R 68 557 0 R 69 558 0 R 1, 2008 XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITING COMPOUNDS FROM Ranunculus repens 1 1 1 2 W. N. Khan, I. Ali, R. Gul, and M. I. Choudhary UDC 547.972 The genus Ranunculus belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, which comprises 50 genera and 2000 species. Xanthine dehydrogenase is activated by natural or synthetic detergents. /ModDate (D:20140818120018+05'30') /Type /Group Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes ' XAO ') is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. /Resources << The distribution and significance of acylated flavonoid glycosides are discussed. The biological role of xanthine oxidase is … >> Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. >> 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R /F4 24 0 R Natural XO inhibitors were reported from a variety of plants used in traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of gout and rheumatism in China,12) Australia,13) North America,3) Chile,14) Paraguay,15) and Panama.16) Viet- A rapid, low‐cost, and fully automated method for xanthine oxidase inhibitor … /S /Transparency /Tabs /S /Parent 2 0 R /S /Transparency /Annots [55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R These high UA levels are associated with increased purine ingestion and metabolization and/or its decreased excretion. /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R Emails: wangchengtaojs@163.com (CW); zhaolei@th.btbu.edu.cn (LZ), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China, Food Science Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. /StructParents 7 532 0 R 533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R] << /G3 18 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB 168 0 R 169 0 R 169 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R] There is a pressing clinical need for new, safe and effective drugs for this purpose. 7 [310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R << 18 0 obj 10 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] /F4 51 0 R Xanthine oxidase inhibitor tungsten prevents the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice fed a Western-type diet. >> /Contents [136 0 R 137 0 R] Identification of Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from Oxidation of Caffeic Acid. /Resources << /X12 23 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R] as a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor derived from natural sources shows potent activity and … /Parent 2 0 R /StructParents 3 /CS /DeviceRGB The results obtained from this study suggest P. amaryllifolius Roxb. 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB) is a Potent Inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase: a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of hyperuricemia and gout Jian-Ming Lü, Qizhi Yao, Changyi Chen Biochem Pharmacol. 15 0 R] /StructParents 5 >> /ca .2 XO is thus the target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Natural xanthine oxidase inhibitors There are many herbs and herbal extracts that have xanthine oxidase inhibition and thus may be useful in gout. /StructParents 6 >> /Creator /Contents 47 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] /Font << �c(6�5)f;��j�mki�ұE}��M?Kx��[k��}f�J�'� ��1hV޳�.6��6���"�X�:���7Q��D��9��\���cDTik��3��-�#�Q��7�o�[�G�!�Ў[G�%�$py��J;��n�}��j�-�#�Q���~��!�U�Џ. Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects. /SA true >> Xanthine Oxidase study Hyperuricemia (HUA), a disease due to an elevation of body uric acid level and responsible for various diseases such as gout, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure, is a major ground debate for the medical science these days. Considering the risk factors linked with allopathic drugs for the treatment of this disease, the debate has now become a special issue. /S /Transparency As a result, six compounds, including salvianolic acid C, quercetin, apigenin, α-tocopherol, formononetin and aloin, were successfully screened by this method. Current drugs targeting XO include Allopurinol and Febuxostat, which have many side effects. endobj Medscape's clinical reference is the most authoritative and accessible point-of-care medical reference for physicians and healthcare professionals, available online and via all major mobile devices. 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R The new glycoside 1 inhibits xanthine oxidase (IC 50 :  23.95 ± 0.43 μM) in a competitive−noncompetitive manner with Ki and KI values of 14.35 and 93.68 μM, whereas compounds 2 and 3 were inactive. >> Bertoni) residue extract in hyperuricemic mice >> endobj /F1 41 0 R This editorial refers to ‘Transient reduction in myocardial free oxygen radical levels is involved in the improved cardiac function and structure after long-term allopurinol treatment initiated in established chronic heart failure’ † by V. Mellin et al., on page 1544 Mellin et al. /Type /Group /Font << >> 75 564 0 R 76 565 0 R 77 566 0 R 78 567 0 R 79 568 0 R All content is free. Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] /Font << and /SMask 579 0 R >> /S /Transparency Learn more. Lichun Zhang, Kun Hu, Xiangtang Li, Shulin Zhao. /Count 11 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 7 0 obj /F3 45 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R /Type /StructTreeRoot A high-performance liquid chromatography method with on-line precolumn enzymatic reaction for the screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in natural extracts was developed. 1728-1734. /BM /Normal /Type /Page /ML 4 These compounds eliminate the enzymatic action of both erythrocuprein and reductase inhibitor. /S /Transparency In /Group << In order to provide a xanthine oxidase inhibitor having as an effective component an extract from highly safe plants, ten kinds of plant materials were compared for the xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, and in consequence Lagerstroemia speciosa (banaba) was found to have the strongest activity. /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R /Type /Catalog The phytochemical studies … Chengtao Wang and Lei Zhao, Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R /ca 1 /Contents 49 0 R Natural Product Research: Vol. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: From Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition to /Type /Page 12, pp. /Parent 2 0 R 30 427 0 R 31 428 0 R 32 429 0 R 33 429 0 R 34 430 0 R >> endobj Abstract: Background: A large number of disorders and their symptoms emerge from deficiency or overproduction of specific metabolites has drawn the attention for the discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of disorders. /Type /Group /GS28 52 0 R Xanthine oxidase, which occurs in the liver of humans and catalyses the formation of uric acid, may be anticarcinogenic through the development of protective systems against oxygen radicals. /S /Transparency /Tabs /S Conclusion: The computational studies of deferent natural compounds were discussed as a result the flavonoids, anthraquinones, xanthones shown the remarkable inhibitory potential for xanthine oxidase inhibition moreover the flavonoids such as hesperidin and rutin were found as promising candidates for It is also used to treat or prevent high uric acid levels that occur as a result of certain types of chemotherapy. /Font << /Group << 482 0 R 483 0 R 484 0 R 485 0 R 486 0 R 487 0 R 488 0 R 489 0 R 490 0 R 491 0 R Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of purines and their conversion into uric acid. 44, No. /LC 0 /Width 320 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R /F5 25 0 R endobj /F1 41 0 R Allopurinol is the individual clinically used xanthine oxidase inhibitor in the cure of gout . 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R Among them, 2 showed more potent activity than the positive control allopurinol, a well-known XO inhibitor clinically used for treatment of gout. /F1 41 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R /F2 43 0 R The total /CS /DeviceRGB 19 0 obj 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R] /Annots [94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R >> /rgid (PB:272182190_AS:196633565372426@1423892503711) The new glycoside 1 inhibits xanthine oxidase (IC50: 23.95 ± 0.43 μM) in a competitive−noncompetitive manner with Ki and KI values of 14.35 and 93.68 μM, whereas compounds 2 and 3 were inactive. 13 0 obj 25 422 0 R 26 423 0 R 27 424 0 R 28 425 0 R 29 426 0 R Xanthine oxidase is defined as an enzyme activity. stream 15.1). /StructParents 0 Perkin Trans 1:33–38. 343 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 345 0 R 5 [283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R /X7 21 0 R Working off-campus? Investigation of pyrimidine analogues as xanthine oxidase inhibitors to treat of hyperuricemia and gout through combined QSAR techniques, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. >> 15 418 0 R 16 418 0 R 17 418 0 R 18 419 0 R 19 420 0 R In Vivo endobj Learn about our remote access options, Beijing Advance Innovation center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. << >> Anti-hyperuricemic potential of stevia ( /Font << >> >> /Font << Nagamatsu T, Fujita T, Endo K (2000) Novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor studies. Keeping in mind all these aspects, we reviewed all possible managerial studies related to HUA through medicinal plants (isolated compounds). Perkin Trans 1:33–38. 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R << Material and methods Plant collection Fresh fruits of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium were collected from Dairi, North Sumatra in March 2010 and were determined by the bota-nist at Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Biological Research Center, Cibinong. Low levels of cyanide, which do not inhibit xanthine dehydrogenase block superoxide dismutase. /Nums [0 [138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 141 0 R 141 0 R 141 0 R 141 0 R 141 0 R /Group << The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase in vitro. /Author (MANISHA) /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] /F2 43 0 R International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. /F1 41 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 2014 . 55 545 0 R 56 546 0 R 57 547 0 R 58 548 0 R 59 549 0 R xanthine to uric acid. 21 0 obj 34, No. >> 34, No. 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of urate, and hence inhibition of this enzyme decreases urate synthesis. 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R] 4 0 obj 2014 . >> /Height 320 /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] << /Resources << /Font << Uloric is more popular than other xanthine oxidase inhibitors. /Type /Page Antihyperuricemic effect of dietary polyphenol sinapic acid commonly present in various edible food plants. 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